ABSTRACT
Introduction: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic and was associated with various haematologic abnormalities. There are very few studies from India regarding the association between anaemia and disease severity of COVID-19. Aim: To check the prevalence of anaemia and its association with severity of disease among hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 203 patients admitted in general ward and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Complete blood count at admission along with other relevant clinical and laboratory parameters was noted. Haematological parameters of the patients were described and then correlated with disease severity and death. Spearman's correlation and Chi-square test were used to determine the associations. Results: Out of 203 patients with COVID-19,145 (71.4%) had anaemia. The study included 107 males (52.7%) and 96 females (47.3%), of which 77 (80%) females had anaemia compared to 68 (63.5%) males. Co-morbidities were present in 73 patients. Haemoglobin levels were significantly negatively correlated with disease severity (p<0.001). This was even true for patients without any other co-morbidities (p<0.05). Haemoglobin was also negatively correlated with deaths in this study (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia in admitted patients of COVID-19 was very high and low haemoglobin levels were associated with more severe disease and death. So, low haemoglobin levels in COVID-19 may be considered as a risk factor for more severe disease and death. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research is the property of JCDR Research & Publications Private Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
ABSTRACT
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of communication organelles enclosed by a phospholipid bilayer, secreted by all types of cells. The size of these vesicles ranges from 30 to 1000 nm, and they contain a myriad of compounds such as RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids from their origin cells, offering a good source of biomarkers. Exosomes (30 to 100 nm) are a subset of EVs, and their importance in future medicine is beyond any doubt. However, the lack of efficient isolation and detection techniques hinders their practical applications as biomarkers. Versatile and cutting-edge platforms are required to detect and isolate exosomes selectively for further clinical analysis. This review paper focuses on lab-on-chip devices for capturing, detecting, and isolating extracellular vesicles. The first part of the paper discusses the main characteristics of different cell-derived vesicles, EV functions, and their clinical applications. In the second part, various microfluidic platforms suitable for the isolation and detection of exosomes are described, and their performance in terms of yield, sensitivity, and time of analysis is discussed.
Subject(s)
Brain , Seizures , Electroencephalography , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Monitoring, Physiologic , Seizures/therapyABSTRACT
The present outbreak associated with corona virus [CoVs] in China which is believed to be one of the massive eruptions towards mankind in 2019-2020. In the present scenario CoVs has been transmitted to the European and American regions through the travellers from wide spread countries like China and Japan. The viral disease is spreading through the contact in any form by the infected persons or patients and creating huge risk of mortality. CoVs are a single positive-sense RNA virus; mutation rates are higher than DNA viruses and indicate a more effective survival adaption mechanism. Human CoVs can cause common cold and influenza-like illness and a variety of severe acute respiratory disease such as pneumonia. Early in infection, CoVs infects epithelial cells, macrophages, T-cells, dendritic cells and also can affect the development and implantation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It mainly produces the melanoma differentiation associated with protein-5, retinoic acid inducible gene-1 and endosomal toll-like receptor 3. How CoVs affects the function of the immune system is still unclear due to lack of this knowledge. No Food and Drug Administration approved treatment is available till date. In this review, we are tried to explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis and current treatment of CoVs infection. The promising therapeutics molecules against CoVs and future prospective have been also discussed which will be helpful for researchers to find out the new molecules for the treatment of CoVs disease.